Development of the Internet and network spectacular huge impact on the company in a variety of types and sizes. The new wireless technology increasingly facilitates the development of network capabilities, Internet, and intranet for mobile workers, remote sites and temporary facilities. Wireless Networking further extend the reach and capabilities of computer networks. New technologies make wireless networking as a way of enabling services and reliable high-speed access to computers and the Internet jaringanjaringan. There are two basic methods of wireless networking that is light (laser and infrared) and radio. Both have a different specification and usability
Light
Infrared is the medium that is used primarily for short circuit, such as building to building, usually less than a mile. Infrared low-cost and slow while the laser is more expensive and can transmit faster. The main drawback of this system is that they are vulnerable to termination. Heavy rain will affect the rate of data and heavy fog will block the connection.
There is a security feature in spread spectrum as the data is distributed at the entrance channel. However, the next channel IS encoded in the previous packet. Can be used to address encryption techniques. Because of the frequency region free, there are no barriers to use. However, this results in limited ability that eventually limit the frequency area, with the wide range, the greater the signal loss. Licensed Licensed Bandwidth Bandwidth is almost similar to start your own radio station. There is a limiting factor in registering a frequency that is the
frequency limitations. Its main advantage is less restriction and more power over long distances can be connected. Microwave technology is used for the flow. Microwave is a device that is less sensitive to transient disturbances, such as rain. It also has a very long range which is limited only by the power input and views. He
is the most common method for data transfer to long distances quickly and without wires.
Applications:
· Wireless LAN provides open access wireless network in the office, in healthcare environments, warehouses and retailers, allowing clients to access the mobile network server.
· Wireless WAN linking the two locations with speeds from 1.6 to 10 Mbps, utilizing the width of the RF spectrum, when the public network is not available or too expensive. WAN wireless system is a point-to-point link networks across cities replace public infrastructure or provide an alternative to private connections.
· Wireless MAN networks provide the option of point-to-multipoint. Examples of these solutions include end-user to connect a lot of on campus or a facility across cities via wireless Ethernet. Flow velocity ranged from 56K up to 10 Mbps. Wireless MAN supports hub and spoke network architecture.
The advantages of wireless networking:
· It offers a higher speed than a conventional leased lines.
· Requires low initial investment with a quick return
compared to leased circuit costs.
· Operating without additional hardware such as routers, MUX, CSU and DSU.
· Allows fast installation without the need for a large fee.
· Flexible configuration allows the installation and operation in accordance with the needs of the application.
I. Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN)
Wireless LAN technology has been increasingly popular for a variety of applications. After evaluating the technology, many users believe will be reliability, satisfied with the performance and are ready to use it for large-scale wireless networks and complex. Wireless LANs were originally designed for application in the office, can now be used on peer-to-peer applications enclosed space and point-to-point and point-to-multipoint outdoor space. Wireless can be designed to be modular and very flexible. They can also be optimized for different environments. For example, the link point-to-point relatively hard outer space is affected by interference and can have higher performance when designers increase dwell time and collision avoidance mechanisms and counteract fragmentation.
Wireless LAN, using a radio frequency transmission means, enabling workstations and portable devices to access the network. A WLAN connected to an existing wired LAN, expand the network to the existing mobile computing devices. WLAN is particularly suitable for implementation in the building (when mobility is needed), factory, health center, or college, and they can be adapted for implementation in space and outer space. The basic building block of Cell ¾ ¾ of a WLAN is the area where the wireless communication with the network. Areas of coverage depends on the signal strength and the physical characteristics of the environment, such as wall thickness. Laptops, PDAs, and workstations have been equipped wireless capabilities, and can move in the cell inidengan access to the network as if they are part of a wired Ethernet. Many cells can be built that allows the expansion of coverage overlap. Users can then be associated with each cell without any interruption of data flow.
Every cell requires a wireless LAN communications and traffic management. Ii It is coordinated by an Access Point (AP) that communicate with each wireless stations in its coverage area. The stations also communicate with each other through the AP, so the communication station can hide from others. In this way, the AP serves sebagairelay, expanded system. AP also serves as a bridge between the wireless stations and the wired network and a wireless cell to another. AP connecting to the backbone or other wireless cell can be wired or wireless connection to another, using wireless bridges. The range can be expanded by clicking the system-cascade wireless beberapasambungan one another. WLAN ¾ extend wired network provides connectivity to the network that previously did not exist. When the workers, who use the mobile clients such as lap top, PDA, or a mobile workstation in the plant or temporary installations, want to be associated with the network servers, wireless allows smooth access to the wired Ethernet. Implementation of WLAN can also be used in the face of obstacles bangunanbangunan cabling, such as historical structures, ruangterbuka floor, or building the enclosure (sealed room). There are two main options for this WLAN is a radio-based system and a system based on infrared rays.
Radio-based LAN
Radio-based LAN can be designed to operate at a fixed frequency or using a technique called spread spectrum. Fixed frequency system requires approval from the FCC. Spread spectrum systems operate using one of two technologies CDMA, ie frequency hopping or direct sequence coding. Purpose of both is the same that radio waves spread over a wide frequency spectrum. This frequency is divided into one of three waves of the following:
· 902-928 MHz
· 2.4 to 2.4835 GHz
· 5.725 to 5.825 GHz
Operations in these waves do not require FCC approval for power coming out does not exceed 1 watt.
The concept of frequency hopping spread spectrum is relatively easy to understand the allocated frequency bands are divided into pieces of discrete frequencies. Transmitter to change frequencies in a random pattern over the distribution of each
pieces. Each user follows a different frequency hopping sequence, thus achieved CDMA capabilities. The concept of direct sequence coding a bit hard to understand. In fact, a random sequence of bits noise combined with the data bits to produce a resultant signal. Sort random noise is different for each user, thereby preparing code division paradigm for this type of spread spectrum. Some vendors are a major supplier of this system is the Motorola (system frequency stays), California Microwave, Inc. Proxim., O'Neill Communications, Windata (spread spectrum systems).
LAN-based infrared
The only major supplier of IBM compatible computers for LAN-based infrared system is BICC Communications. Artificial LAN BICC called InfraLAN access protocol based on token ring 802.5. A base unit InfraLAN seems like token ring MAU, except that it has only 6 ports that should be 8. The six port accommodates up to 6 PCs connected using standard IBM type 1 cable. Two optical node connects to the base unit. Node provides a standard ring-in, ring-out function with base units adjacent. A token ring cables can be connected to the base unit to configure port 1 or 6 as a ring-in or ring-out, respectively. Base unit can be separated up to 80 feet in an office environment. During infrared system is a direct line of sight, however high optical node installation
Recommended in decent office environment. Conversely, people who move around the office will lead to a shot blocked beam and data loss occurs.
InfraLAN operates at 4 Mbps.
Protocol
In 1990, 802 IEEE 802.11 Working Group Project formed to establish standards for wireless LAN (IEEE 802.11 protocol). As 802.X another protocol, the protocol also includes the 802.11 MAC and Physical Layer, the current standard defines a MAC which interacts with three PHY (which all run at 1 and 2Mbit / s), namely:
· Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum in the 2.4 GHz band
· Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum in the 2.4 GHz band, and
· Infra Red
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